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Religion
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Charlemagne, Charles the Great
First Holy Roman Emperor: 800-814. (French for Carolus Magnus, or Carlus Magnus; Charles the Great, German Karl der Grosse). The name given by later generations to Charle... |
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Pope St. Leo III, Crowned Charlemagne
Leo III, Saint, pope (795–816), a Roman; successor of Adrian I. He was attacked about the face and eyes by members of Adrian's family, who hoped to render him unfit for t... |
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The Book of Kells
The Book of Kells (Irish: Leabhar Cheanannais), sometimes known as the Book of Columba, is an illuminated manuscript in Latin, containing the four Gospels of the New Test... |
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Timbuktu
Timbuktu is a city in Tombouctou Region, in the West African nation of Mali. It was made prosperous by Mansa Musa. It is home to the prestigious Sankore University and ot... |
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Pope John XIX
John XIX (born ? in Rome, died October 1032), was Pope from 1024 to 1032. He succeeded his brother, Pope Benedict VIII (1012–24), both being members of the powerful house... |
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Anselm of Canterbury, Founder Scholasticism
Anselm of Canterbury was a Benedictine monk, an Italian medieval philosopher, theologian, and church official who held the office of Archbishop of Canterbury from 1093 to... |
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Pope Urban II, Crusade Instigator
Urban is best known for starting the First Crusade. Urban's crusading movement took its first public shape at the Council of Piacenza, where in March 1095 Urban received... |
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Algazel (Al-Ghazali), Persian Scholar
Al-Ghazali known as Algazel to the western medieval world, born and died in Tus, in the Khorasan province of Persia (modern day Iran). He was a Muslim theologian, jurist,... |
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Hugues de Payens, 1st Grand Master
Hugues de Payens, also de Payns, a French knight from the Champagne region, was the co-founder and first Grand Master of the Knights Templar. With Saint Bernard of Clairv... |
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St. Bernard of Clairvaux
Saint Bernard of Clairvaux was a French abbot and the primary builder of the reforming Cistercian monastic order. "The voice of conscience, the dominating figure in the C... |
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The Crusades
The First Crusade is the most documented of all the Crusades. Each Royal Court had its own historian, who told his Lord's story of conquest and adventure, emphasizing his... |
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Siege of Jerusalem, First Crusade
In the early 11th century, the Egyptian Fatimid Caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah ordered the destruction of all churches and synagogues in Jerusalem. Reports of this were one... |
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Kingdom of Jerusalem
The Kingdom of Jerusalem was a Christian kingdom established in the Levant in 1099 after the First Crusade. It lasted less than two hundred years, until 1291 when the las... |
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Knights Templar
The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon, commonly known as the Knights Templar or the Order of the Temple, were among the most famous of the Weste... |
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Maimonides, Jewish Philosopher
Moses Maimonides is regarded by many as the greatest Jewish philosopher ever. As a doctor, rabbi, religious scholar, mathematician, astronomer, and commentator on the art... |
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